Lecture 3 犯罪

Part 1 必備素材-犯罪

• commit crimes 犯罪=violate laws
• minor crimes 輕微犯罪（vandalism 破壞公物；driving under the influence 酒后駕車；shoplifting 商場(chǎng)偷盜）
• serious offences 重犯罪(rob; blackmail勒索，敲詐)
• criminals-offenders-law-breakers 犯罪的人3種
• habitual criminal 慣犯

犯罪的原因 reasons

• violent or sexual images-imitate / copy 網(wǎng)絡(luò)上色情和暴力的圖像去模仿
• make friends with wrong people (take drugs;gamble )- go astray 誤入歧途
• consumerism prevails 消費(fèi)主義盛行 - spend more than they earn
• character flaws/peer pressure - anti-social behavior 反社會(huì)行為/misbehavior 不當(dāng)行為 /misconduct

解決方案 Solutions-prevent crimes / reduce crime rates

• create jobs - a stable source of income創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)
• reduce social inequality-bridge the gap between the rich and the poor 減少社會(huì)不公，縮短社會(huì)差距
• Eliminate corruption 消除腐敗- be treated unfairly-lead to resentment導(dǎo)致怨恨
• Deter crime制止犯罪：increase police forces；install CCTV in public places安裝閉電視；formulate laws to punish criminals 制定法律/ impose severe punishment on them重罰; report crime (but: sensationalise crime聳人聽聞 - cause public panic導(dǎo)致公眾恐慌)

prison term（imprison）關(guān)押

利Pros

A deterrent effect 震懾作用

Give comfort to victims and relatives 給受害者安慰

弊 Cons

Exclude them from society-lose job skills-hard to reintegrate into society 與社會(huì)隔離哈，很難融入

so-解決方案

First-time offender-rehabilitate / rehabilitation教化- become the able members of society 變成社會(huì)的有用之才

Part 2 同義替換

1、損害 impair

2、改變 alter

change / alter the nature of science 改變科學(xué)的本質(zhì)

modify the design 修改設(shè)計(jì)

3、確保 guarantee /ensure

guarantee 確保質(zhì)量

Part 3 必備句式

1、主語(yǔ)+affect（s）somebody / something in a number of undesirable ways 以很多不好的方式影響或者某事 萬(wàn)能句式

eg： The ‘cult of celebrity’ is affecting children in a number of undesirable ways.

注：cult of celebrity 名人崇拜

2、主語(yǔ) + contribute（s）to something 導(dǎo)致或者有助于某事

eg：The sense of belonging to a team or a

working community contributes to job satisfaction.歸屬感有利于工作滿意度

注: the sense of belong 歸屬感；

job satisfaction 工作滿意度