「釋義」

正反饋是反饋的一種。是指一系統(tǒng)的輸出影響到輸入，使得輸出變動后會影響到輸入，造成輸出變動持續(xù)加大的情形。簡單來說，當(dāng)A產(chǎn)生了更多的B，B會回過來產(chǎn)生更多的A，這個過程就稱為正反饋。

反饋的概念是控制論中最重要的基本概念之一，反饋的特點是根據(jù)過去的情況來調(diào)整未來的行為。

馬太效應(yīng)就是社會上常見的正反饋現(xiàn)象，例如收入分配不合理可能導(dǎo)致“富者愈富，貧者愈貧”。

「應(yīng)用場景」

企業(yè)是否可以通過匿名或匯總員工對經(jīng)理的負(fù)反饋來解決問題？

Could companies skirt the problem by anonymizing and aggregating the negative feedback that goes to managers?

可以。我認(rèn)為對企業(yè)來說，評估所有反饋流（自上而下，自下而上和橫向）并合并反饋比分類展示更為明智。例如不應(yīng)體現(xiàn)出“這是來自下屬的合并反饋”，因為老板可能會對所有下屬進(jìn)行報復(fù)。我現(xiàn)在正在另一家企業(yè)進(jìn)行測試。

Yes, I think it might be wise for companies to measure all the feedback flows—top-down, bottom-up, and lateral—and combine the flows rather than break them down when presenting the information. For instance, they shouldn’t say, “This is aggregated feedback from subordinates,” because then bosses might retaliate against?all?subordinates. I’m testing this with one company now.

你是否研究過正反饋有何影響？

What about positive feedback—did you look at that?

這是我一直在做的另一個項目。我發(fā)現(xiàn)褒獎與創(chuàng)造力之間沒有體現(xiàn)相關(guān)性，因為存在兩種相反的機(jī)制。正反饋或許可以提升創(chuàng)造力；它使人們感受到認(rèn)可，因此可能會在工作上投入更多的精力。但是褒獎還有一種影響，即一旦人們在工作上受到稱贊就不會做任何改進(jìn)，因為他們認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)做得很好。

That’s another project I’ve been working on. I’ve found that there’s ultimately no relationship between praise and creativity, because there are two opposing mechanisms in play. Positive feedback can be good for creativity; it makes people feel recognized, and they might put more effort into their jobs as a result. But there’s also an effect whereby once you’re complimented for your work, you don’t do anything to improve, because you think you’re doing perfectly fine as it is.

《下屬批評讓管理層更具創(chuàng)造力》

艾米·米克

2020年3月刊

“A Subordinate’s Criticism Makes You More Creative”

by Amy Meeker

編輯：馬冰侖?