虛擬語(yǔ)氣

一·虛擬語(yǔ)氣是什么？

虛擬表示非真實(shí)，1.與現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況相反；2.假設(shè)情況。

二·怎樣表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣？

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變態(tài)（改變時(shí)態(tài)）

三·有多少種虛擬語(yǔ)氣？

if虛擬條件句

名詞性從句

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

四·虛擬語(yǔ)氣具體用法？

if虛擬條件句

if從句 主句

假設(shè)過(guò)去 had+done（was是been） have done

假設(shè)現(xiàn)在 did (were) do

假設(shè)將來(lái) did(were)/were to do/should do （三種表達(dá)） do

口訣：從句往前推，主句4+1。

4指的是would、should、might、could，加上表格中的那個(gè)。

如果沒(méi)有特殊要求，四個(gè)詞都可以用，如果有要求，按詞意選。

e.g. If I were you,I could make the decision.

錯(cuò)綜（混合）時(shí)態(tài)的if虛擬條件句

根據(jù)從句、主句的時(shí)間，選對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。

e.g. If you had married him, you would be the wife of a gas station attendant.

省略if的虛擬條件句倒裝

如果從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞had,should,were, 省略if，將助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前面，形成倒裝。

had+主語(yǔ)（not）done

should+主語(yǔ) + do

were +主語(yǔ)+ to do

省略if，從句部分倒裝，主句不變。

If you had joined us, we would have had more fun.

Had you joined us,we would have had more fun.

含蓄的虛擬條件句

虛擬條件句表達(dá)“如果有”，用with；表達(dá)“如果沒(méi)有”，用without或but for。根據(jù)句意，判斷主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)。

With better strategy ,they would have won the battle.

If they had had better strategy, they would have won the battle.

Without/But for your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.

If we hadn’t had your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.

名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1.wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)真實(shí)時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上往前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)）

I wish you had come to my birthday party.

2.表示“建議、要求、命令”等詞語(yǔ)所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句要用（should）+do。（不看人稱，不看時(shí)態(tài)）

suggest, advise, propose, recommend, order, ask, demand, insist, require, request 等。

e.g. The engineers proposed they (should) look at the design again.

? ? ? ? The workers demanded they given the wages they should get.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

特殊形式

I suggest that you should work harder.

My suggestion is that you should work harder.

That you should work harder is my suggestion.

Here is my suggestion that you should work harder.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞虛擬（了解即可）

should+do （真實(shí)）表示“現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做”

should+have done（虛擬）表示“過(guò)去應(yīng)該做”

過(guò)去本來(lái)應(yīng)該做，但實(shí)際上未做

否定形式為 shouldn’t +have done?

should/could/might/need +have done (按照意思翻譯即可）