Prepositions

介詞

The most literal sense of a preposition is generally the correct word to use in Esperanto. Thus, one rides "in the train," not "on the train." For example:

在世界語中，使用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，其表達(dá)的意思也就越接近你的本意。因此，是one rides "in the train,"（某個(gè)人坐在火車?yán)铮┒皇?#34;on the train."（坐在火車上）。例如：

anta? can mean "in front of" or "before", depending on the context. In conjunction with time it can mean "ago".

anta?既可以意為“in front of”（前面）也可以意為“before”（之前），具體意思取決于上下文，與時(shí)間搭配的時(shí)候還可以是“ago”（以前）

kontra? means "against", but also "at the cost/price of"; and can be used in the context of taking a medicine in order to treat an illness ("against" an illness).

kontra?的意思是“against”（對(duì)抗），也有“at the cost/price of”（以.....價(jià)格），也可以用在文中所提及到的服用以治療為目的的藥物（也就是對(duì)抗疾?。?/span>

In general, nouns following a preposition do not take the -n ending.

通常，跟在介詞后面的名詞不需要加賓格-n

?e

?e is a versatile word that means "at", in the sense of at someone's home, or very close to something:

?e是個(gè)多用途的詞，意思為“at”（在），意思為在某人的家中或與某物非常接近：

?i sidas ?e la tablo. She is sitting at the table.（她坐在桌子上）

Ili lo?as ?e mi. They live at my house. They live with me.（他們和我一起住，他們住在我家）

The directional -n

表示方向的“-n”

In addition to its use for the direct object, the -n ending is also used to show direction:

除了用在直接賓語上，詞尾“-n”也可以用于表示方向：

?i saltas sur la tablo. ?= She jumps (up and down) on the table.

（她在桌子上跳）

?i saltas sur la tablon. = She jumps onto the table (from another location).

（她跳上了桌子）

Pro vs por

Pro = because of, on account of?

因?yàn)椋捎?，為?.....緣故

Por = for

為了

Mi parolas Esperanton pro vi.
I speak Esperanto because of you.

我為了你的緣故而說世界語

La donaco estas por vi.
The gift is for you.

這禮物是給你的

Krom

Krom can mean either "except (for)" or "in addition to" depending on the context. For example:

Krom既有“除了.....之外”也有“除了.....外，還”的意思，具體意思要聯(lián)系上下文。例如：

Mi ?atas ?ion, krom araneoj.
I like everything except spiders.

我喜歡一切，除了蜘蛛

Krom araneoj, ?i anka? amas abelojn.
In addition to spiders, she also loves bees.

除了蜘蛛，她也喜歡蜜蜂

Manko de

A lack of...
Manko de...

缺少

A lack of something is not considered a quantity, so one says manko de and never manko da.

因?yàn)樘峒叭鄙倌澄锏臅r(shí)候并不會(huì)考慮到數(shù)量，所以人們使用的是manko de 而不是manko da。

For example:

例如：

A lack of money
Manko de mono

缺錢

Ver?i and ?uti

Ver?i means to pour a liquid such as water or oil,? while ?uti means to pour a non-liquid such as sand or sugar.

Ver?i指的是傾倒液體（例如水或者油），而?uti的意思是傾倒非液體的物質(zhì)（例如沙子或者糖）

Tero and tero

Tero is the word for the planet Earth. We omit the article la when we speak of it in that context:

Tero是地球，當(dāng)我們指代地球的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)把定冠詞“l(fā)a”省去：

Tero movi?as ?irka? la suno. ?
(The) Earth moves around the sun.

地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)

La Tero is the term for the Earth we live on:

而“La Tero”指的是我們所生活在地球的地方（簡(jiǎn)單來講就是地表？）

Kie ni vivos, kiam la Tero estos tro varma?
Where will we live, when the Earth is too hot?

當(dāng)?shù)厍虮砻孀兊锰珶岬臅r(shí)候，我們?cè)撟≡谀膬耗兀?/span>

For earth or soil that plants grow in, we use tero without capitalization:?

若是要說供植物所生長的土壤，我們使用首字母小寫的tero：

En la tero kreskas plantoj.
Plants grow in the earth.

植物生長在土里

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Hejmo_1/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo